Project on comparative study between harappan and mesopotamian civilization
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 409 People
Project on the comparative study of
Harappan and mesopotamian civilization
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 409 People
Project on the comparative study of
Harappan and mesopotamian civilization
Answered by admin @
Answer:
At the dawn of civilization two distinct civilizations appeared in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley: theSumerians and the Harappans. The Sumerians settled in the valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, aland known as Mesopotamia, the area known today as Kuwait and Iraq. One of the most important cities of thiscivilization was Ur. Ur is the city from which God called Abram a
s mentioned in Genesis 11:31(“Abram…setout from Ur”) and Nehemiah 9:7, “You are the LORD God, who chose Abram and brought him out of Ur of theChaldeans and named him Abraham”. Concurrently, in the area that is now Pakistan, part of Afghanistan and
Northern India the Harappan civilization appeared in the flood plain of the Indus and Hakra rivers. Its two mostimportant cities were Mojeno-doro and Harappa. The Sumerian and Harappan economies developed alongsimilar lines, and have comparable religious and social structures. Nevertheless their politics, art, treatment of women and intellectual advancements stand in sharp contrast to one another.
The Harappans and Sumerians are distinctly different politically. While the Sumerians developed the world’s
first monarchy, the Harappans may have developed the first democracy. Very little evidence has been found of a king in the Indus Valley, only one white priest-king idol and a silver crown; not enough to establish that the
“royalty” were the rulers. Instead the e
mpire was divided into regions with half a dozen cities functioning ascapitals and was governed by a group of people. Archeologist Jonathan Mark Kenoyed has speculated that theHarappan rulers were merchants, ritual specialists and individuals controlling important resources, instead of just one social group controlling the rest. From the construction of the cities however it does appear there weresome social classes, as the citadel is usually 20 feet higher than the middle and lower town. The Sumerians, onthe other hand, developed into city-states ruled by a priest-king. The king led the military, administered trade, judged disputes and performed certain important religious ceremonies. The king also had a bureaucracy, whichconsisted mostly of priests, who assisted him in governing. To justify the authority of the priest-kings theSumerians declared that the king was divinely selected, but later this changed and eventually they asserted thatthe king himself was divine and worthy of worship. So while the Sumerians worshiped their king the Harappanschose not to glorify any particular person and were instead ruled by ordinary people.The economies of the Harappan and Sumerian civilizations were very similar. Both civilizations relied heavilyon trade; in fact they appear to have traded extensively with one another. In records found in Mesopotamia thereis mentioned a civilization they traded with in the area of the Indus valley and many Indus seals, for which theyare well known, have been found in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians exported mostly textiles and crops, while theHarappans traded in lumber, copper, gold and ivory, which were bought by the Sumerian royalty. Bothcivilizations made great advances in transportation in order to carry their merchandise with greater ease. TheSumerians appear to have developed the wheel and possibly the sailboat and the Harappans developed ox-cartsand small flat-bottomed boats all of which were used commercially.
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 304 persons
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 354 persons
Asked by admin @ in Social Sciences viewed by 293 persons
Asked by admin @ in Business Studies viewed by 460 persons
Asked by admin @ in Social Sciences viewed by 279 persons
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 286 persons
Asked by admin @ in Social Sciences viewed by 330 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in History viewed by 258 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in Social Studies viewed by 305 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in Business viewed by 1070 persons
Asked by wiki @ in Health viewed by 1285 persons
Asked by wiki @ in Social Studies viewed by 744 persons
Asked by vanshika149 @ in English viewed by 1142 persons
Asked by rajesh064 @ in English viewed by 1311 persons
Asked by jaylord7 @ in Mathematics viewed by 1097 persons
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 11330 persons
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 3199 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in History viewed by 2527 persons
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 2260 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in History viewed by 1958 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in History viewed by 1750 persons
Asked by evette57 @ in History viewed by 1722 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in History viewed by 1664 persons
Asked by wiki @ in History viewed by 1650 persons
Asked by admin @ in History viewed by 1410 persons
Asked by maham237 @ in History viewed by 1371 persons